Evolución bibliométrica del análisis termodinámico del ciclo Otto en motores urbanos livianos y su impacto en eficiencia energética

Victor Patricio Pachacama-Nasimba; Robinson Alay-Romero; Carlos Ulcuango-Moreno; Cristian Alvarez-Veintimilla; Darwin Chele-Sancán

doi:10.37431/conectividad.v7i2.468

Authors

Victor Patricio Pachacama-Nasimba Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6315-6641
Robinson Alay-Romero Instituto Superior Tecnológico La Maná https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5760-429X
Carlos Ulcuango-Moreno Instituto Superior Tecnológico La Maná https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5657-1449
Cristian Alvarez-Veintimilla Instituto Superior Tecnológico La Maná https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4337-5346
Darwin Chele-Sancán Universidad Internacional del Ecuador https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6405-2713

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37431/conectividad.v7i2.468

Keywords:

Otty cycle, Internal combustion engine, Thermodynamic performance, Energy efficiency, Fuel efficiency

Abstract

Land transport requires urgent decarbonization strategies, making the efficiency of spark ignition engines a technological priority. This study examines the evolution and intellectual structure of the literature on the thermodynamic analysis of the Otto cycle in light urban vehicles. Using a mixed bibliometric approach based on 137 articles from Scopus (2010-2025) and processed under PRISMA protocols, quantitative performance techniques were integrated with scientific mapping of collaboration networks and content. The results reveal sustained productive growth led by Europe and Asia, identifying a structural transition on the research front: the field has evolved from the idealization of standard cycles toward irreversible and finite-time thermodynamic models applied to the combustion of new energy vectors. Co-occurrence analysis shows that hydrogen and ammonia have displaced gasoline as central keywords linked to exergy efficiency. It is concluded that academic research repositions the Otto engine not as an obsolete technology, but as a necessary and resilient transition technology for the hydrogen economy, although greater integration with hybrid systems is required to maximize its sustainability in complex urban environments.

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