Análisis del flicker y la calidad de energía en lámparas led y CFL bajo regímenes de conmutación cíclica

Rubén Darío Tirira Chulde; Ricardo Joel Pacheco Paz; Mishell Nicole Vasco Tipan

doi:10.37431/conectividad.v7i2.432

Authors

Rubén Darío Tirira Chulde Instituto Superior Universitario Sucre https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1869-015X
Ricardo Joel Pacheco Paz Instituto Superior Universitario Sucre https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3369-3851
Mishell Nicole Vasco Tipan Instituto Superior Universitario Sucre https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3941-7119

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37431/conectividad.v7i2.432

Keywords:

Electric power quality, LED luminaires, Compact fluorescent lamps, Voltage fluctuations

Abstract

This study presents an experimental analysis of the effect of on/off switching cycles on power quality and electrical flicker severity in light-emitting diode (LED) lamps and compact fluorescent lamps (CFL). Measurements were carried out under controlled laboratory conditions, with a nominal voltage of 127 V and frequency of 60 Hz, applying continuous and cyclic operation modes with 10, 30, and 60 minutes ON followed by 2 seconds OFF during 24-hour tests. Short-term and long-term flicker indices (Pst and Plt) were automatically computed by a Fluke 1775 power-quality analyzer in accordance with IEC 61000-4-15 and IEC 61000-4-30 standards. Results show that LED lamps maintained Plt < 1 under all conditions, fully complying with the IEC flicker limits, whereas CFL lamps reached Plt > 3 under continuous operation, revealing pronounced thermal and electrical sensitivity. The ΔV–Plt correlation confirms that CFL flicker is strongly dependent on voltage variations, while LED drivers exhibit a linear and stable response. Overall, LED technology demonstrates superior immunity to voltage fluctuations and more reliable performance under repetitive switching. It should be noted that P_st and P_lt values were derived solely from voltage fluctuation measurements (electrical flicker); no direct photometric assessment of luminous flux was performed.

References

Bertoldi, P. (2004). European code of conduct to improve energy efficiency of power supply: The first policy action around the worldwide addressing external power supplies. En Proceedings of the Nineteenth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC 2014) (pp. 329–331). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2004.1295830

Bisi, D., Meneghesso, G., Rossetto, I., Ruzzarin, M., Meneghini, M., & Zanoni, E. (2016). Reliability of power devices: Bias-induced threshold voltage instability and dielectric breakdown in GaN MIS-HEMTs. En Proceedings of the 2016 IEEE International Integrated Reliability Workshop (IIRW) (pp. 35–40). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/IIRW.2016.7904896

Collin, A. J., Djokic, S. Z., Drapela, J., Langella, R., & Testa, A. (2019). Light flicker and power factor labels for comparing LED lamp performance. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 55(6), 7062–7070. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2019.2919643

Comité Europeo de Normalización Electrotécnica. (2010). EN 50160: Voltage characteristics of electricity supplied by public distribution systems. CENELEC.

Delfino, A. S., Brandão, R. P., Bumpus, T. S., Fortes, M. Z., Henriques, H. O., & Ferreira, V. H. (2019). Evaluation of the impact of LED and compact fluorescent lamps on the PLC transmission with X-10 technology. En Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE Milan PowerTech. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/PTC.2019.8810525

IEEE Standards Association. (2015). IEEE Std 1789-2015: IEEE recommended practices for modulating current in high-brightness LEDs for mitigating health risks to viewers. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEESTD.2015.7118618

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. (2010). IEEE Std 1459-2010: Definitions for the measurement of electric power quantities under sinusoidal, nonsinusoidal, balanced, or unbalanced conditions. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEESTD.2010.5439063

Instituto Nacional de Eficiencia Energética y Energías Renovables. (2017). Informe técnico de eficiencia energética en luminarias LED y CFL en el Ecuador. INER. https://www.iner.gob.ec

International Energy Agency. (2020). Energy efficiency 2020. IEA. https://www.iea.org

International Electrotechnical Commission. (2010). IEC 61000-4-15: Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 4-15: Testing and measurement techniques – Flickermeter: Functional and design specifications. IEC.

International Electrotechnical Commission. (2015). IEC 61000-4-30: Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 4-30: Testing and measurement techniques – Power quality measurement methods. IEC.

International Electrotechnical Commission. (2019). IEC 61000-4-7: Testing and measurement techniques – General guide on harmonics and interharmonics measurements and instrumentation. IEC.

Lazaroiu, G. C., Golovanov, N., Elefterescu, L., Roscia, M., & Zaninelli, D. (2018). Assessment of flicker perturbations in power systems with multiple disturbing consumers. En Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Harmonics and Quality of Power (ICHQP). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICHQP.2018.8378847

LightingEurope. (2018). Light emitting diode lighting flicker, its impact on health and the need to minimise it. LightingEurope Association. https://www.lightingeurope.org

Maheswaran, D., Rangaraj, V., Jembu Kailas, K. K., & Adithya Kumar, W. (2012). Energy efficiency in electrical systems. En Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics, Drives and Energy Systems (PEDES). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/PEDES.2012.6484460

Masnicki, R., Mindykowski, J., Palczynska, B., & Werner, D. (2024a). Modern light sources on the ship. En Proceedings of the 2024 IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for the Sea: Learning to Measure Sea Health Parameters (MetroSea). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/MetroSea62823.2024.10765716

Masnicki, R., Mindykowski, J., Palczynska, B., & Werner, D. (2024b). Research on the flicker effect in modern light sources powered by an electrical network. Energies, 17(20), 5080. https://doi.org/10.3390/en17205080

Ministerio de Electricidad y Energía Renovable. (2012). Programa de sustitución de luminarias ineficientes: Cambia tu foco. MEER. https://www.recursosyenergia.gob.ec

Panda, G., Dash, P. K., Pradhan, A. K., & Meher, S. K. (2022). Data compression of power quality events using the slantlet transform. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 17(2), 662–667. https://doi.org/10.1109/61.997957

Wilkins, A. J., & Lehman, B. (2014). Designing to mitigate effects of flicker in LED lighting: Reducing risks to health and safety. IEEE Power Electronics Magazine, 1(3), 18–26. https://doi.org/10.1109/MPEL.2014.2330442

Zhang, R., & Xu, J. F. (2008). The application of wavelet in the short-term flicker severity calculation. En Proceedings of the 2008 International Symposium on Information Science and Engineering. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISISE.2008.289