ξ˜•ξ˜œξ˜–
Fecha de recepciΓ³n: 23 / 07 / 2024
Fecha de aceptaciΓ³n: 17 / 10 / 2024
Fecha de publicaciΓ³n: 16 / 05 / 2025
Impacto del uso de dispositivos electrΓ³nicos en la salud de estudiantes universitarios. pp. 293 - 302 / Volumen 6, nΓΊmero 2 /
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37431/conectividad.v6i2.277
Instituto Superior TecnolΓ³gico Universitario RumiΓ±ahui
Impacto del uso de dispositivos electrΓ³nicos en la salud de estudiantes
universitarios
Impact of the use of electronic devices on the health of college students
ξ˜­ξ™‹ξ™’ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‘ξ™œξ˜ƒξ˜ͺξ™Œξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜ͺξ™„ξ™•ξ™†ξ™°ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ˜²ξ™•ξ™•ξ™„ξ™ξ™„ο‘Œξ˜ƒ
ξ˜€ξ™˜ξ™—ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™•ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™“ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™‹ξ™’ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‘ξ™œξ˜‘ξ™Šξ™„ξ™•ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜£ξ™‰ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜‘ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™˜ξ˜‘ξ™ˆξ™†
RESUMEN
ξ˜¨ξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™…ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™Œξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™œξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ™Šξ™΄ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™™ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™‹ξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™Šξ™•ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™°ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™…ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™ξ™“ξ™„ξ™†ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™Šξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™’ξ˜ƒ
en diversos paΓ­ses determinando la alteraciΓ³n
ξšΏξ™–ξ™Œξ™’ξ™ξ™Ήξ™Šξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™™ξ™Œξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™•ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™“ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™Œξ™•ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜³ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™’ξ™…ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ™Œξ™ξ™“ξ™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ™Šξ™΄ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™„ξ™ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™Œξ™ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜¬ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™—ξ™˜ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ˜·ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξ™Ήξ™Šξ™Œξ™†ξ™’ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜Έξ™‘ξ™Œξ™™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ˜©ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ™™ξ™°ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ™˜ξ™—ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™–ξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξ™Ήξ™Šξ™Œξ™†ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒ
ξ™“ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™Œξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™©ξ™ξ™Œξ™–ξ™Œξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™΄ξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™†ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™’ξ™…ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™‰ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™’ξ™†ξ™„ξ™–ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™–ξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜§ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜”ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™–ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ˜–ξ˜›ξ˜‘ξ˜˜ξ˜ˆξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™™ξ™Œξ™–ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜—ξ˜ξ˜˜ξ˜ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™‰ξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜˜ξ˜ξ˜•ξ˜ˆξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ™Ύξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™΄ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ™œξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ˜–ξ˜ξ˜•ξ˜ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™Έξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™…ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒ
ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™•ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‰ξ™„ξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™•ξ™Ήξ™‘ξ™Œξ™†ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ˜—ξ˜ƒ
ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ˜™ξ˜ƒ ξ™‹ξ™’ξ™•ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™Œξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™΄ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ™œξ™’ξ™•ξ™΄ξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒ
ξ™–ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξ˜—ξ˜ξ˜”ξ˜ˆξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™—ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™Šξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™‡ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜Άξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆξ™ξ™…ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Šξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜›ξ˜”ξ˜ξ˜˜ξ˜ˆξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™Œξ™…ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™œξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‰ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒ
ξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ™—ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™΄ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™„ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™–ξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜³ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™ξ™“ξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™Šξ™•ξ™„ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™„ξ™ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ˜ƒ
causados por el uso continuo de dispositivos
ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™•ξ™Ήξ™‘ξ™Œξ™†ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜‘
Palabras claveξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ˜¨ξ™‘ξ™‰ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ˜Άξ™„ξ™ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜ƒ
ξ˜·ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ™Šξ™΄ξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜‘
ABSTRACT
ξ˜Άξ™—ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ˜ƒ ξ™šξ™ˆξ™ξ™‰ξ™„ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™’ξ™‰ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™‹ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ™Šξ™Œξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™Œξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™™ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™’ξ™“ξ™Œξ™†ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™„ξ™—ξ˜ƒ ξ™‹ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™•ξ™’ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒ
ξ™Šξ™•ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™—ξ˜ƒ ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™•ξ™’ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™šξ™’ξ™•ξ™ξ™‡ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™Œξ™—ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™Œξ™ξ™“ξ™„ξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™•ξ™†ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™™ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ™˜ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™‹ξ™œξ™–ξ™Œξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ™Šξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‰ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™“ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™’ξ™•ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™“ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™„ξ™†ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™Œξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜©ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™Œξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™–ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™Œξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™Œξ™™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™Žξ™‘ξ™’ξ™šξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™…ξ™’ξ™˜ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™ξ™“ξ™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‰ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™‹ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ™Šξ™œξ˜ƒ
ξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™ξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒ ξ™’ξ™‰ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™—ξ™œξ˜ƒ ξ™’ξ™‰ξ˜ƒ
ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ˜¬ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™—ξ™˜ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ˜·ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξ™Ήξ™Šξ™Œξ™†ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ˜Έξ™‘ξ™Œξ™™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ˜©ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™•ξ™’ξ™˜ξ™Šξ™‹ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™’ξ™‰ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™‹ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ™Šξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™‘ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‰ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ™œξ™–ξ™Œξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‰ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ™–ξ™„ξ™ξ™“ξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒ ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆο΅ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™„ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒ ξ™…ξ™œξ˜ƒ
ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‰ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜²ξ™‰ξ˜ƒξ˜”ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ˆξ™’ξ™“ξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™–ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™œξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ˜–ξ˜›ξ˜‘ξ˜˜ξ˜ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™‹ξ™’ξ™šξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒ ξ™™ξ™Œξ™–ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜•ξ˜—ξ˜‘ξ˜˜ξ˜ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™‡ξ™„ξ™†ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™šξ™‹ξ™Œξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ˜˜ξ˜‘ξ˜•ξ˜ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™‹ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒ ξ™‘ξ™’ξ˜ƒ
ξ™–ξ™œξ™ξ™“ξ™—ξ™’ξ™ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ˜–ξ˜‘ξ˜•ξ˜ˆξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™šξ™Œξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ξ™ˆξ™ˆξ™“ξ˜ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‰ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™†ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™šξ™ˆξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜—ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ˜™ξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™’ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™„ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ™Šξ™ˆξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξ˜—ξ˜‘ξ˜”ξ˜ˆξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒ
ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™Œξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™Œξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™‰ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™•ξ™†ξ™‹ξ˜ƒ ξ™’ξ™‰ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜«ξ™’ξ™šξ™ˆξ™™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ˜›ξ˜”ξ˜‘ξ˜˜ξ˜ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™ˆξ™Œξ™™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‰ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™–ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™—ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™’ξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™œξ™ξ™“ξ™—ξ™’ξ™ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™„ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒ ξ™…ξ™œξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜·ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‰ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™–ξ™„ξ™•ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™ξ™“ξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™Šξ™•ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‰ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™ξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™„ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒ ξ™…ξ™œξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™˜ξ™’ξ™˜ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‰ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™†ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜‘
Key wordsξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ˜§ξ™Œξ™–ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ˜«ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™ξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ˜·ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™‹ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ™Šξ™œξ˜ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜¨ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜‘
Copyright
ξ˜―ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™’ξ™•ξ™Œξ™Šξ™Œξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™˜ξ™…ξ™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™Œξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™Œξ™ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™œξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™•ξ™Ήξ™‘ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™™ξ™Œξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™“ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ˜¬ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™—ξ™˜ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ˜Άξ™˜ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ˜·ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξ™Ήξ™Šξ™Œξ™†ξ™’ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜Έξ™‘ξ™Œξ™™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ˜ƒξ˜΅ξ™˜ξ™ξ™Œξ™Έξ™„ξ™‹ξ™˜ξ™Œξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™Œξ™—ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™’ξ™—ξ™„ξ™ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜·ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™™ξ™Œξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™•ξ™Ήξ™‘ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™–ξ™—ξ™•ξ™Œξ™…ξ™˜ξ™œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™…ξ™„ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ˜¦ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ˜¦ξ™’ξ™ξ™ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ˜΅ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™†ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ξ˜±ξ™’ξ˜¦ξ™’ξ™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ™ξ˜ξ˜—ξ˜‘ξ˜“ξ˜ƒξ˜¬ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ˜‘
Citas
ξ˜ͺξ™„ξ™•ξ™†ξ™°ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ˜²ξ™•ξ™•ξ™„ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜­ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜•ξ˜˜ξ˜Œξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜¬ξ™ξ™“ξ™„ξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™–ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™–ξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™•ξ™Ήξ™‘ξ™Œξ™†ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™„ξ™ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜¦ξ˜²ξ˜±ξ˜¨ξ˜¦ξ˜·ξ˜¬ξ˜Ήξ˜¬ξ˜§ξ˜€ξ˜§ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜™ξ˜‹ξ˜•ξ˜Œξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‹ξ™—ξ™—ξ™“ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜’ξ˜’ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™Œξ˜‘ξ™’ξ™•ξ™Šξ˜’ξ˜”ξ˜“ξ˜‘ξ˜–ξ˜šξ˜—ξ˜–ξ˜”ξ˜’ξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜‘ξ™™ξ˜™ξ™Œξ˜•ξ˜‘ξ˜•ξ˜šξ˜š
Artículo Cientíco
ο‘Œξ˜¬ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™—ξ™˜ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ˜·ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξ™Ήξ™Šξ™Œξ™†ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ˜Έξ™‘ξ™Œξ™™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜©ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™‹ξ™’ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‘ξ™œξ˜‘ξ™Šξ™„ξ™•ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜£ξ™‰ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜‘ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™˜ξ˜‘ξ™ˆξ™†
ξ˜•ξ˜œξ˜—
Fecha de recepciΓ³n: 23 / 07 / 2024
Fecha de aceptaciΓ³n: 17 / 10 / 2024
Fecha de publicaciΓ³n: 16 / 05 / 2025
Impacto del uso de dispositivos electrΓ³nicos en la salud de estudiantes universitarios. pp. 293 - 302 / Volumen 6, nΓΊmero 2 /
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37431/conectividad.v6i2.277
Instituto Superior TecnolΓ³gico Universitario RumiΓ±ahui
1. INTRODUCCIΓ“N
ξ˜―ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™“ξ™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ˜·ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ™Šξ™΄ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ˜¬ξ™‘ξ™‰ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ˜¦ξ™’ξ™ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜·ξ˜¬ξ˜¦ξ˜Œξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™©ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™„ξ™•ξ™•ξ™’ξ™ξ™ξ™Ήξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™Œξ™Šξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ˜»ξ˜»ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™‰ξ™„ξ™™ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™°ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒ
ξ™†ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™“ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ™†ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜¨ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™–ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ™Šξ™΄ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™™ξ™’ξ™ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™–ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™‰ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜―ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™—ξ™„ξ™“ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™‰ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ξ™©ξ™—ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ™…ξ™Œξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™©ξ™ξ™…ξ™Œξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒ
ξ™„ξ™†ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™°ξ™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™›ξ™Œξ™Šξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™—ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™“ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξ™Ήξ™Šξ™Œξ™†ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™ˆξ™’ξ™•ξ™΄ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™©ξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™…ξ™•ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™“ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™Šξ™Œξ™—ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒ
ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜¨ξ™–ξ™“ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜›ξ˜Œξ˜‘
ξ˜¨ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™„ξ™•ξ™•ξ™’ξ™ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ™Šξ™΄ξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™†ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™Šξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™Œξ™–ξ™Œξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™ˆξ™ξ™°ξ™‰ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™ξ™Œξ™Šξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™“ξ™˜ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™•ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™„ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ™—ξ˜Œξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™–ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™Šξ™Œξ™Šξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™…ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ˜ƒ
ξ™Œξ™ξ™“ξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™ξ™“ξ™’ξ™•ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜§ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™–ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‡ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™†ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™“ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™Œξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™–ξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™•ξ™Ήξ™‘ξ™Œξ™†ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ™™ξ™°ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™ξ™„ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‰ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™Šξ™Œξ™—ξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™–ξ™΄ξ˜ƒ
ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™–ξ™—ξ™•ξ™˜ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξ™Ήξ™Šξ™Œξ™†ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™–ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™„ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™„ξ™•ξ™•ξ™’ξ™ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™’ξ™Šξ™‘ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™‹ξ™˜ξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™’ξ™•ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™„ξ™…ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™…ξ™’ξ™•ξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™™ξ™Œξ™•ξ™—ξ™Œξ™°ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™–ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ™„ξ™˜ξ™—ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™†ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜ƒ
ξ˜Άξ™ˆξ™Šξ™Ύξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜¬ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™—ξ™˜ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ˜±ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™΄ξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ˜¦ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜¬ξ˜±ξ˜¨ξ˜¦ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜•ξ˜Œξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™Έξ™’ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜”ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™—ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™–ξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™•ξ™Ήξ™‘ξ™Œξ™†ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜˜ξ˜•ξ˜ˆξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™Œξ™†ξ™©ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™™ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™΄ξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξ˜•ξ˜ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™—ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™™ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™Œξ™‰ξ™•ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™—ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™’ξ™…ξ™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™™ξ™˜ξ™ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒ
ξ™„ξ™‰ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™–ξ™Šξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™„ξ™ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™…ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™–ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ™Šξ™΄ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™—ξ™•ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™΄ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™΄ξ™–ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™’ξ™ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜‘
ξ˜Έξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜¨ξ™–ξ™“ξ™„ξ™Έξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™Έξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜›ξ˜ƒ ξ™•ξ™ˆξ›€ξ™ˆξ™ξ™Ήξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™΄ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™‰ξ™΄ξ™–ξ™Œξ™†ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™–ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ˜·ξ™Œξ™†ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜”ξ˜“ξ˜‘ξ˜”ξ˜ˆξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™™ξ™Œξ™–ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξ˜‘ξ˜”ξ˜ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™†ξ™„ξ™…ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ˜•ξ˜‘ξ˜”ξ˜ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™•ξ™—ξ™Œξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™„ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™œξ˜ƒ ξ˜–ξ˜‘ξ˜›ξ˜ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™ŒξšΏξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™“ξ™„ξ™ξ™‡ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ˜‹ξ˜·ξ™’ξ™•ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™Œξ™ξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜›ξ˜Œξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜²ξ™—ξ™•ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ˜Άξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™Œξ™„ξ™Šξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜¦ξ™˜ξ™…ξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™Œξ™–ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™Ήξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜šξ˜˜ξ˜‘ξ˜˜ξ˜ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™…ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™Šξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜›ξ˜•ξ˜‘ξ˜•ξ˜ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™ˆξ™‰ξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™„ξ˜žξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™–ξ™΄ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™„ξ™ξ™…ξ™Œξ™°ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ˜₯ξ™•ξ™„ξ™–ξ™Œξ™ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™Έξ™’ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜˜ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ™—ξ™•ξ™Ήξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜šξ˜•ξ˜‘ξ˜”ξ˜ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™’ξ™•ξ™–ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™˜ξ™ξ™…ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ξ˜ƒ
ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™©ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™œξ™’ξ™•ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™˜ξ™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜©ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™‘ξ™©ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ˜ͺξ™„ξ™•ξ™†ξ™΄ξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜“ξ˜Œξ˜‘
ξ˜¨ξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξšΏξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™“ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ™Œξ™’ξ™ξ™Ήξ™Šξ™Œξ™†ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™ξ™ˆξ™™ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™„ξ™…ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ˜€ξ™‡ξ™ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Œξ™–ξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ˜΅ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™–ξ™Šξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜³ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‰ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜€ξ˜΅ξ˜―ξ˜Œξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™©ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜™ξ˜“ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ™…ξ™„ξ™ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜œξ˜ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™…ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™’ξ™…ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™‰ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜˜ξ˜”ξ˜ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™“ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ™…ξ™„ξ™ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™Έξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™…ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™„ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜Άξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ™Šξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‰ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™“ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™Έξ™’ξ˜ƒξ˜”ξ˜œξ˜›ξ˜˜ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ˜―ξ˜°ξ˜¨ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜™ξ˜›ξ˜‘ξ˜“ξ˜™ξ˜–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™†ξ™„ξ™–ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™Έξ™’ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜”ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜‘ξ˜™ξ˜—ξ˜˜ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜«ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ˜΅ξ™˜ξ™Œξ™ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜šξ˜Œξ˜‘
ξ˜•ξ˜œξ˜˜
Fecha de recepciΓ³n: 23 / 07 / 2024
Fecha de aceptaciΓ³n: 17 / 10 / 2024
Fecha de publicaciΓ³n: 16 / 05 / 2025
Impacto del uso de dispositivos electrΓ³nicos en la salud de estudiantes universitarios. pp. 293 - 302 / Volumen 6, nΓΊmero 2 /
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37431/conectividad.v6i2.277
Instituto Superior TecnolΓ³gico Universitario RumiΓ±ahui
ξ˜¨ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™„ξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™ξ™Ήξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™©ξ™ξ™Œξ™–ξ™Œξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™’ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‰ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ˜¬ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™—ξ™˜ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ˜·ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξ™Ήξ™Šξ™Œξ™†ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ˜Έξ™‘ξ™Œξ™™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ˜©ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™›ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜Άξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒ
ξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™ˆξ™ξ™©ξ™—ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™–ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™›ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™–ξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξ™Ήξ™Šξ™Œξ™†ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ™—ξ™°ξ™†ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξ™Ήξ™Šξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™’ξ™…ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™ξ™“ξ™„ξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™„ξ™ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜€ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™ξ™ˆξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™–ξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™•ξ™Ήξ™‘ξ™Œξ™†ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™„ξ™•ξ™•ξ™’ξ™ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒ
ξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‰ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™Šξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™’ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™“ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™’ξ™…ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™‰ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™Šξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™’ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™…ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‰ξ™΄ξ™–ξ™Œξ™†ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜―ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™›ξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ™Œξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™Šξ™„ξ™‡ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™ξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™Šξ™Œξ™—ξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™–ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™–ξ™’ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ™Œξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ›€ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™„ξ™ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™™ξ™Œξ™–ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ™Šξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™–ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™”ξ™˜ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™›ξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆξ™›ξ™‹ξ™„ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™’ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ™©ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™“ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ™Šξ™΄ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™•ξ™΄ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‰ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™†ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™°ξ™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™’ξ˜ƒ
ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™„ξ™•ξ™•ξ™’ξ™ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™’ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™ˆξ™ξ™’ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™†ξ™•ξ™Œξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™…ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™†ξ™Ήξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™ξ™“ξ™„ξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™–ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™–ξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™•ξ™Ήξ™‘ξ™Œξ™†ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™„ξ™ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™΄ξ™–ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ™’ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒ
ξ™†ξ™’ξ™Šξ™‘ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™’ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜¬ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™—ξ™˜ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ˜Έξ™‘ξ™Œξ™™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜©ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜‘
2. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS
ξ˜¨ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™Œξ™“ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™Šξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™“ξ™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‰ξ™’ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™Œξ™—ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™Œξ™“ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™†ξ™•ξ™Œξ™“ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™’ξ˜ξ™ˆξ™›ξ™“ξ™ξ™’ξ™•ξ™„ξ™—ξ™’ξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜―ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™’ξ™…ξ™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜”ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™„ξ™•ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜·ξ™°ξ™†ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™†ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ˜Άξ™˜ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ™‘ξ™‰ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™΄ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜¬ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™—ξ™˜ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ˜·ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξ™Ήξ™Šξ™Œξ™†ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ˜Έξ™‘ξ™Œξ™™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ˜ƒξ˜§ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜©ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜³ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™Œξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™’ξ˜ƒ
ξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™…ξ™„ξ™…ξ™Œξ™ξ™΄ξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™†ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜³ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™†ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™Œξ™…ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™–ξ™“ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™…ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™Šξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒ
ξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™•ξ™Œξ™—ξ™’ξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™†ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‰ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™†ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™°ξ™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™–ξ™—ξ™•ξ™˜ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™˜ξ™™ξ™’ξ˜ƒ
ξ™—ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™©ξ™ξ™…ξ™Œξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™‰ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξ™Ήξ™Šξ™Œξ™†ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ˜‹ξ™΄ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ˜”ξ˜ξ˜–ξ˜Œξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™„ξ™ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜‹ξ™΄ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξ˜Œξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™•ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‰ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ™΄ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ˜˜ξ˜ξ˜™ξ˜Œξ˜‘
Procedimiento
ξ˜¨ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™–ξ™—ξ™•ξ™˜ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™–ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‰ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™„ξ™ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™—ξ™„ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™Šξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™•ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™΄ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™•ξ™΄ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ™…ξ™Œξ™Šξšξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™Šξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜€ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™Šξ™˜ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™—ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™„ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™Šξ™’ξ™•ξ™΄ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™…ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™œξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξšΏξ™†ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™…ξ™„ξ™—ξ™’ξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ™–ξ™΄ξ˜ƒ
ξ™—ξ™„ξ™ξ™…ξ™Œξ™°ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™ξ™Ήξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™–ξ™—ξ™•ξ™Œξ™…ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™–ξ™—ξ™•ξ™˜ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™Œξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™•ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™…ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™΄ξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™‰ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ™ξ™‰ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜¦ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™…ξ™„ξ™†ξ™‹ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™…ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜“ξ˜ξ˜šξ˜™ξ˜“ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒ
ξ™„ξ™ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ™—ξ™•ξ™Ήξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξšΏξ™„ξ™…ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™–ξ™—ξ™•ξ™˜ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜‘
ξ˜―ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™‰ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™“ξ™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™‰ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™Œξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™œξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™‰ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™Šξ™•ξ™˜ξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™†ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™°ξ™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ™–ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™˜ξ™™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™΄ξ™ξ™Œξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™…ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™™ξ™’ξ™ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™Œξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™•ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™“ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™‰ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜¦ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™„ξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™©ξ™ξ™Œξ™–ξ™Œξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™ˆξ™Ήξ™•ξ™Œξ™†ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Ήξ˜ƒ
ξ™—ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™©ξ™ξ™Œξ™–ξ™Œξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™†ξ™•ξ™Œξ™—ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™„ξ™…ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ˜”ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜•ξ˜œξ˜™
Fecha de recepciΓ³n: 23 / 07 / 2024
Fecha de aceptaciΓ³n: 17 / 10 / 2024
Fecha de publicaciΓ³n: 16 / 05 / 2025
Impacto del uso de dispositivos electrΓ³nicos en la salud de estudiantes universitarios. pp. 293 - 302 / Volumen 6, nΓΊmero 2 /
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37431/conectividad.v6i2.277
Instituto Superior TecnolΓ³gico Universitario RumiΓ±ahui
Tabla 1. ξ˜Έξ™‘ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™ˆξ™ξ™©ξ™—ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜‘
ξ˜±ξ˜‘ξšž ξ˜§ξ™Œξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ ξ˜€ξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™– ξ˜·ξ™°ξ™†ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ™˜ξ˜
aciΓ³n
ξ˜”Frecuencia de uso
tecnolΓ³gico
ξ˜ξ˜Έξ™—ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™–ξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™–ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜‘
ξ˜ξ˜·ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™–ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™–ξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ˜
ξ™™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξ™Ήξ™Šξ™Œξ™†ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜‘
ξ˜ξ˜€ξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜
ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™–ξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™•ξ™Ήξ™‘ξ™Œξ™†ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜‘
ξ˜©ξ™’ξ™•ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™“ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘
Encuesta
2Problemas de
salud
ξ˜ξ˜³ξ™•ξ™’ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™„ξ™ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™„ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ
ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ™Šξ™΄ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜‘
ξ˜ξ˜΅ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™Œξ™…ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™œξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‰ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™°ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ˜ƒ
para tratar sΓ­ntomas ocasionados por
ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™–ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ™Šξ™΄ξ™„ξ˜‘
ξ˜©ξ™’ξ™•ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™“ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘
Encuesta
ξ˜–OrientaciΓ³n pro-
fesional
ξ˜ξ˜²ξ™•ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™’ξ™…ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™–ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ™Šξ™΄ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™Œξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™…ξ˜
ξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™„ξ™ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™—ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜‘
ξ˜©ξ™’ξ™•ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™“ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘
Encuesta
Fuente: Jholenny GarcΓ©s Orrala, 2024
AplicaciΓ³n y control
ξ˜¨ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™„ξ™•ξ™•ξ™’ξ™ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™ˆξ™ξ™©ξ™—ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™Ήξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜”ξ˜˜ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™΄ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™˜ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‰ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™„ξ™•ξ™©ξ™†ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™˜ξ™—ξ™Ήξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™Šξ™˜ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™Ήξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ™“ξ™„ξ™˜ξ™ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™Œξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Žξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™—ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™†ξ™ξ™˜ξ™Œξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™Ήξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™“ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™—ξ™’ξ™•ξ™Šξ™„ξ™‡ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™Šξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™ŒξšΏξ™†ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™„ξ˜‘
ξ˜•ξ˜œξ˜š
Fecha de recepciΓ³n: 23 / 07 / 2024
Fecha de aceptaciΓ³n: 17 / 10 / 2024
Fecha de publicaciΓ³n: 16 / 05 / 2025
Impacto del uso de dispositivos electrΓ³nicos en la salud de estudiantes universitarios. pp. 293 - 302 / Volumen 6, nΓΊmero 2 /
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37431/conectividad.v6i2.277
Instituto Superior TecnolΓ³gico Universitario RumiΓ±ahui
3. RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIΓ“N
ξ˜³ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™©ξ™ξ™Œξ™–ξ™Œξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™„ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™’ξ™“ξ™Œξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™‰ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‡ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™Œξ™•ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™Šξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™Œξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Žξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™—ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™„ξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™„ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™°ξ™—ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™΄ξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™†ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™Œξ™—ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™Œξ™Šξ™˜ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™•ξ™©ξšΏξ™†ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜
Pregunta 1
ξ˜Έξ™–ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™–ξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξ™Ήξ™Šξ™Œξ™†ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξšΏξ™Šξ™˜ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜”ξ˜Œξ˜‘
Figura 1. ξ˜Έξ™–ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™–ξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξ™Ήξ™Šξ™Œξ™†ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜‘
Fuente: Jholenny GarcΓ©s Orrala, 2024
ξ˜§ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξšΏξ™Šξ™˜ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ˜•ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ™“ξ™—ξ™’ξ™“ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™„ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ™—ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™“ξ™˜ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™•ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™†ξ™•ξ™Œξ™—ξ™’ξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™ξ™°ξ™‰ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒ
ξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™Œξ™ξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™„ξ™†ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™©ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‰ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™–ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™ˆξ™ξ™°ξ™‰ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ™„ξ™†ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™‰ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™“ξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™…ξ™„ξ™•ξ™†ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ˜™ξ˜œξ˜‘ξ˜›ξ˜ˆξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜”ξ˜“ξ˜‘ξ˜”ξ˜œξ˜ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™†ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™“ξ™˜ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™•ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™†ξ™•ξ™Œξ™—ξ™’ξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜‘ξ˜–ξ˜”ξ˜ˆξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™†ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ˜·ξ™„ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜”ξ˜šξ˜‘ξ˜šξ˜ƒξ˜ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™„ξ™…ξ™„ξ™•ξ™†ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™–ξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™“ξ™—ξ™’ξ™“ξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜Άξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ™…ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Šξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™„ξ™†ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‰ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‡ξ™„ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™„ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™Šξ™Ήξ™•ξ™Œξ™†ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ™•ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜‘
Pregunta 2
ξ˜·ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™–ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™–ξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξ™Ήξ™Šξ™Œξ™†ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξšΏξ™Šξ™˜ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜Œξ˜‘
Figura 2ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜·ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™–ξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜‘
Fuente: Jholenny GarcΓ©s Orrala, 2024
ξ˜¨ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™’ξ™ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™–ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™–ξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™•ξ™Ήξ™‘ξ™Œξ™†ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜—ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ˜™ξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™’ξ™•ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™„ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™°ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™œξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™’ξ™•ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™–ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜‘
ξ˜•ξ˜œξ˜›
Fecha de recepciΓ³n: 23 / 07 / 2024
Fecha de aceptaciΓ³n: 17 / 10 / 2024
Fecha de publicaciΓ³n: 16 / 05 / 2025
Impacto del uso de dispositivos electrΓ³nicos en la salud de estudiantes universitarios. pp. 293 - 302 / Volumen 6, nΓΊmero 2 /
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37431/conectividad.v6i2.277
Instituto Superior TecnolΓ³gico Universitario RumiΓ±ahui
Pregunta 3
ξ˜€ξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™–ξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™•ξ™Ήξ™‘ξ™Œξ™†ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξšΏξ™Šξ™˜ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ˜–ξ˜Œξ˜‘
Figura 3.ξ˜ƒξ˜§ξ™Œξ™–ξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™—ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™†ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™°ξ™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™–
Fuente: Jholenny GarcΓ©s Orrala, 2024
ξ˜―ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ˜¬ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™—ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™„ξ™†ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™°ξ™‘ξ™‰ξ™„ξ™–ξ™Œξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™Šξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξ˜—ξ˜‘ξ˜”ξ˜ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜žξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ™Šξ™˜ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ™…ξ™„ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™…ξ™„ξ™•ξ™†ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜˜ξ˜‘ξ˜—ξ˜ˆξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™œξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™’ξ˜žξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™‰ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ™Ήξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‰ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™Šξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™’ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™…ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξ˜–ξ˜‘ξ˜•ξ˜ˆξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™Šξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™΄ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™”ξ™˜ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜šξ˜‘ξ˜–ξ˜ˆξ˜‘
Pregunta 4
ξ˜³ξ™•ξ™’ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™„ξ™ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™„ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™–ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ™Šξ™΄ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξšΏξ™Šξ™˜ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξ˜Œξ˜‘
Figura 4. ξ˜³ξ™•ξ™’ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™„ξ™ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™…ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ™Šξ™΄ξ™„
Fuente: Jholenny GarcΓ©s Orrala, 2024
ξ˜¨ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™„ξ™ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™©ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ™˜ξ™ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒ
ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™Œξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™–ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™–ξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξ™Ήξ™Šξ™Œξ™†ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™…ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™™ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜–ξ˜›ξ˜‘ξ˜˜ξ˜ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ
ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™–ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™Šξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™™ξ™Œξ™–ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™œξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™›ξ™“ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™’ξ™•ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜‘ξ˜—ξ˜ˆξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™“ξ™„ξ™ξ™‡ξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™…ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™“ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™–ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™–ξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™•ξ™Ήξ™‘ξ™Œξ™†ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜—ξ˜‘ξ˜˜ξ˜ˆξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™ˆξ™‰ξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜›ξ˜‘ξ˜•ξ˜ˆξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™˜ξ™Έξ™ˆξ™†ξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜–ξ˜‘ξ˜•ξ˜ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ™˜ξ™ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™’ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™Έξ™’ξ™–ξ˜žξ˜ƒξ™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™—ξ™•ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ˜˜ξ˜‘ξ˜•ξ˜ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™΄ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™—ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™—ξ™•ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™΄ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜žξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‰ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™™ξ™Œξ™–ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜‘
ξ˜•ξ˜œξ˜œ
Fecha de recepciΓ³n: 23 / 07 / 2024
Fecha de aceptaciΓ³n: 17 / 10 / 2024
Fecha de publicaciΓ³n: 16 / 05 / 2025
Impacto del uso de dispositivos electrΓ³nicos en la salud de estudiantes universitarios. pp. 293 - 302 / Volumen 6, nΓΊmero 2 /
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37431/conectividad.v6i2.277
Instituto Superior TecnolΓ³gico Universitario RumiΓ±ahui
Pregunta 5
ξ˜΅ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™Œξ™…ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™œξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‰ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™°ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ™—ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™΄ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™†ξ™„ξ™–ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™–ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ™Šξ™΄ξ™„ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜‹ξšΏξ™Šξ™˜ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ˜˜ξ˜Œξ˜‘
Figura 5.ξ˜ƒξ˜₯ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™†ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™œξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™°ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‰ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™
Fuente: Jholenny GarcΓ©s Orrala, 2024
ξ˜¨ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™‰ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™›ξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ™Œξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξ™Ήξ™Šξ™Œξ™†ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™Œξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™‘ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™’ξ™“ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™…ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™†ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™œξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™°ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‰ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™’ξ˜ƒ
ξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ›€ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜›ξ˜”ξ˜‘ξ˜˜ξ˜ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™•ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™–ξ™Šξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™„ξ™ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ˜žξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜”ξ˜›ξ˜‘ξ˜˜ξ˜ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™“ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™†ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™œξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™„ξ˜‘
Pregunta 6
ξ˜²ξ™•ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™’ξ™…ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™–ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ™Šξ™΄ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™Œξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™„ξ™ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™—ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξšΏξ™Šξ™˜ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ˜™ξ˜Œξ˜‘
Figura 6. ξ˜²ξ™•ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™’ξ™…ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™–ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ™Šξ™΄ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜‘
Fuente: Jholenny GarcΓ©s Orrala, 2024
ξ˜§ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™Œξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™—ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™•ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™–ξ™—ξ™•ξ™˜ξ™œξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™°ξ™—ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™—ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™–ξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξ™Ήξ™Šξ™Œξ™†ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜‹ξ˜›ξ˜“ξ˜‘ξ˜œξ˜ˆξ˜Œξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™Šξ™•ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™•ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™•ξ™Šξ™’ξ™‘ξ™Ήξ™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™–ξ™΄ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™™ξ™Œξ™—ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™„ξ™ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™˜ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™’ξ˜žξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜”ξ˜œξ˜‘ξ˜”ξ˜ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™©ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™’ξ™…ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™“ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜‘
ξ˜–ξ˜“ξ˜“
Fecha de recepciΓ³n: 23 / 07 / 2024
Fecha de aceptaciΓ³n: 17 / 10 / 2024
Fecha de publicaciΓ³n: 16 / 05 / 2025
Impacto del uso de dispositivos electrΓ³nicos en la salud de estudiantes universitarios. pp. 293 - 302 / Volumen 6, nΓΊmero 2 /
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37431/conectividad.v6i2.277
Instituto Superior TecnolΓ³gico Universitario RumiΓ±ahui
DiscusiΓ³n
ξ˜―ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™†ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™Œξ™…ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ™Šξ™΄ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™°ξ™‘ξ™‰ξ™„ξ™–ξ™Œξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™’ξ™…ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™©ξ™ξ™…ξ™Œξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™Œξ™ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™„ξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™™ξ™’ξ™ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ™Šξ™΄ξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™˜ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξšΏξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™„ξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™Šξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™„ξ™ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™Œξ™ξ˜‘
ξ˜¦ξ™„ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒet. alξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜œξ˜Œξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™Šξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ™‘ξ˜ ξ˜–ξ˜›ξ˜Œξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξš³ξ˜šξ˜“ξ˜ƒξ˜ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™—ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ˜Άξ™ξ™„ξ™•ξ™—ξ™“ξ™‹ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜–ξ˜ƒξ˜ˆξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™„ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ˜šξ˜ƒξ˜ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™„ξ™“ξ™—ξ™’ξ™“ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™“ξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™Šξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™„ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜—ξ˜˜ξ˜ƒ ξ˜ˆξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ˜•ξ˜˜ξ˜ƒξ˜ˆξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™†ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™°ξ™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜–ξ˜ƒ ξ˜ˆξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™„ξ™•ξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒ
ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™—ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξ˜ƒ ξ˜ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™œξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™…ξ™Ύξ™–ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™‰ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ˜–ξ˜ƒ ξ˜ˆξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™†ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™Œξ™‘ξ›€ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™’ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆξ™›ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™Œξ™™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™–ξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™Ήξ™™ξ™Œξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™˜ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™“ξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‰ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ˜ƒ
ξ™–ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™„ξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™„ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™©ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™Šξ™˜ξ™ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξ˜šξ˜ƒξ˜ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ™Šξ™˜ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™’ξ™•ξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜›ξ˜ƒξ˜ˆξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ˜”ξ˜”ξ˜ƒξ˜ˆξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜Ίξ™‹ξ™„ξ™—ξ™–ξ™„ξ™“ξ™“ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™–ξ˜ƒξ˜›ξ˜ˆξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‰ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ˜±ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ™‰ξ™’ξ™…ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜³ξ™‹ξ™˜ξ™…ξ™…ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜Ήξ™Œξ™…ξ™•ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™›ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™—ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ˜·ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜šξ˜ƒξ˜ˆξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™†ξ™ξ™˜ξ™œξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™—ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™›ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™–ξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ›€ξ™˜ξ™œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™•ξ™„ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™–ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‰ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ™–ξ™„ξ™ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™Œξ™ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜‘ξš΄ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜³ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ™•ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™›ξ™“ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™Ήξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξšΏξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™–ξ™„ξ™ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ›€ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™„ξ™΄ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™–ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ™Šξ™΄ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™©ξ™ξ™…ξ™Œξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™Œξ™ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜Άξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™…ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™™ξ™Ήξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™Ύξ™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™’ξ™•ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™–ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™–ξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξ™Ήξ™Šξ™Œξ™†ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™…ξ™„ξ™•ξ™†ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜—ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ˜™ξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™’ξ™•ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜—ξ˜—ξ˜‘ξ˜—ξ˜ˆξ˜Œξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™›ξ™“ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™Œξ™ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™„ξ™ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ™–ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™„ξ™ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™Šξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ˜–ξ˜›ξ˜‘ξ˜˜ξ˜ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™‰ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™΄ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™„ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™Šξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ™™ξ™Œξ™–ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™Šξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™›ξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ™Œξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™˜ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™–ξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™„ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒ
ξ™‰ξ™˜ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™™ξ™Œξ™–ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ™Šξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‰ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™©ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™Ύξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™›ξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ™Œξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™–ξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™–ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™Šξ™‘ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™„ξ™…ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ›€ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜—ξ˜‘ξ˜˜ξ˜ˆξ˜‘
ξ˜·ξ™„ξ™ξ™…ξ™Œξ™°ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™„ξ™΄ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™„ξ™ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜šξ˜›ξ˜‘ξ˜–ξ˜ˆξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™–ξ™Œξ™–ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™œξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‰ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ™•ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™΄ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™„ξ™†ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™©ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™™ξ™˜ξ™ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™‰ξ™•ξ™Œξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™˜ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™„ξ™ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ›€ξ™ˆξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™Šξ™•ξ™„ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™„ξ™ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™„ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™–ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™˜ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξ™Ήξ™Šξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™“ξ™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™’ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™—ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™Œξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™„ξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™–ξ™Šξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™›ξ™“ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒ
ξ™„ξ™–ξ™΄ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™“ξ™—ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™˜ξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™’ξ™•ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™Έξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™©ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜‘
4. CONCLUSIONES
ξ˜¨ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™Œξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™’ξ™“ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™„ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™„ξ™ξ™ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™©ξ™—ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™©ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™Ύξ™‘ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™›ξ™Œξ™–ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™›ξ™“ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™–ξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξ™Ήξ™Šξ™Œξ™†ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™“ξ™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜Άξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™©ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ˆξ™™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™—ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™ˆξ™ξ™°ξ™‰ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™ξ™Œξ™Šξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™„ξ™“ξ™—ξ™’ξ™“ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™†ξ™„ξ™–ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™„ξ™ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™–ξ™Šξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™Œξ™ξ˜‘
ξ˜¨ξ™–ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™™ξ™Œξ™—ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™ξ™“ξ™’ξ™•ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ™Œξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™“ξ™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™–ξ™Šξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ˜–ξ˜“ξ˜”
Fecha de recepciΓ³n: 23 / 07 / 2024
Fecha de aceptaciΓ³n: 17 / 10 / 2024
Fecha de publicaciΓ³n: 16 / 05 / 2025
Impacto del uso de dispositivos electrΓ³nicos en la salud de estudiantes universitarios. pp. 293 - 302 / Volumen 6, nΓΊmero 2 /
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37431/conectividad.v6i2.277
Instituto Superior TecnolΓ³gico Universitario RumiΓ±ahui
ξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™…ξ™—ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™Œξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™›ξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ™Œξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™ξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™“ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™—ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™–ξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξ™Ήξ™Šξ™Œξ™†ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜Άξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Ήξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™Œξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™–ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ™Šξ™΄ξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™°ξ™‘ξ™‰ξ™„ξ™–ξ™Œξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™–ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™ˆξ™ξ™°ξ™‰ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™Œξ™ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ™Œξ™…ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™…ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™•ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™–ξ™Šξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‰ξ™˜ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™•ξ™©ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™“ξ™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‡ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™–ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜žξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™„ξ™ξ™…ξ™Œξ™°ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ›€ξ™ˆξ™ξ™Ήξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™Œξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™›ξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ™Œξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ™“ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™ξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™„ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™Šξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™–ξ™Šξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™©ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™’ξ™ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™Šξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ξ˜ƒ
ξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™…ξ™„ξ™…ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™™ξ™Œξ™–ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™˜ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™’ξ˜‘
ξ˜¨ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™†ξ™ξ™˜ξ™œξ™Ήξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™…ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™›ξ™Œξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™˜ξ™΄ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™©ξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™©ξ™ξ™…ξ™Œξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™©ξ™ξ™’ξ™Šξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™’ξ™…ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™–ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ™Šξ™΄ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™“ξ™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™‹ξ™„ξ™•ξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™’ξ™…ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™Œξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™›ξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ™Œξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™˜ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™–ξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™•ξ™Ήξ™‘ξ™Œξ™†ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒ
ξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ™•ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™Œξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ŒξšΏξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™„ξ™ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™™ξ™’ξ™†ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ™Šξ™΄ξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™’ξ™•ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™…ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™Œξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™œξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™–ξ™΄ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™™ξ™Œξ™—ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™‰ξ™˜ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™“ξ™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™°ξ™†ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξ™Ήξ™Šξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
REFERENCIAS
ξ˜€ξ™…ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™Œξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ˜°ξ™„ξ™•ξ™—ξ™΄ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜·ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜”ξ˜Œξ˜ƒξ˜§ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™„ξ™…ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™•ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™–ξ™†ξ™„ξ™“ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™–ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™•ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™’ξ™…ξ™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜Έξ™‘ξ™Œξ™™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™–ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ™ξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ™©ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™—ξ™—ξ™“ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜’ξ˜’ξ™ˆξ™…ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™‹ξ˜‘
ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™‹ξ˜‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜’ξ™‡ξ™–ξ™“ξ™„ξ™†ξ™ˆξ˜’ξ™…ξ™Œξ™—ξ™–ξ™—ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™ξ˜’ξ™‹ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™ξ™ˆξ˜’ξ˜”ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜šξ˜’ξ˜œξ˜”ξ˜›ξ˜šξ˜’ξ˜·ξ˜©ξ˜ͺξ™‚ξ˜€ξ™…ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™Œξ™•ξ™„ξ™‚ξ˜°ξ™„ξ™•ξ™—ξ˜ˆξ™†ξ˜–ξ˜ˆξ™„ξ™‡ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™ξ™‚ξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜”ξ˜‘
ξ™“ξ™‡ξ™‰ξ˜’ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™ˆξ˜ ξ˜”ξ˜‰ξ™Œξ™–ξ˜€ξ™ξ™ξ™’ξ™šξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ ξ™œξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜¦ξ™„ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜₯ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜ͺξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜«ξ˜‘ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜¦ξ™„ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜§ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜³ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜«ξ˜‘ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜‰ξ˜ƒξ˜¦ξ™„ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜¬ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜°ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜«ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜œξ˜Œξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™–ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™–ξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™•ξ™Ήξ™‘ξ™Œξ™†ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™Ήξ™™ξ™Œξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™œξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™Œξ™ξ™“ξ™„ξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™†ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™‰ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒSATHIRIξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜”ξ˜—ξ˜‹ξ˜•ξ˜Œξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜˜ξ˜šξ˜ξ˜•ξ˜™ξ˜œξ˜‘
ξ˜¦ξ™„ξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ˜Άξ™„ξ™ξ™„ξ™ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ˜΅ξ™’ξ™–ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ˜―ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ˜‰ξ˜ƒ ξ˜·ξ™’ξ™•ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ˜©ξ™ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ˜Άξ™ˆξ™•ξ™Šξ™Œξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ˜ͺξ™˜ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™„ξ™ξ™˜ξ™“ξ™ˆξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜‹ξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜™ξ˜Œξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜§ξ™Œξ™„ξ™Šξ™‘ξ™Ήξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™†ξ™’ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™–ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ™Šξ™΄ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™Έξ™„ξ™‘ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ™–ξ™˜ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ™•ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ RIDE. Revista Iberoamericana para la InvestigaciΓ³n y el Desarrollo
Educativo, 7ξ˜‹ξ˜”ξ˜–ξ˜Œξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜šξ˜–ξ˜ξ˜•ξ˜œξ˜•ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜΅ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™˜ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜˜ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™˜ξ™ξ™Œξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜•ξ˜—ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™—ξ™—ξ™“ξ˜ξ˜’ξ˜’ξ™šξ™šξ™šξ˜‘ξ™–ξ™†ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™ξ™’ξ˜‘
ξ™’ξ™•ξ™Šξ˜‘ξ™ξ™›ξ˜’ξ™–ξ™†ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™ξ™’ξ˜‘ξ™“ξ™‹ξ™“ξ˜’ξ™–ξ™†ξ™•ξ™Œξ™“ξ™—ξ˜ ξ™–ξ™†ξ™Œξ™‚ξ™„ξ™•ξ™—ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™›ξ™—ξ˜‰ξ™“ξ™Œξ™‡ξ˜ ξ˜Άξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜šξ˜ξ˜šξ˜—ξ˜™ξ˜šξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜™ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜•ξ˜šξ˜–ξ˜‰ξ™ξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜‰ξ™—ξ™ξ™‘ξ™Š
ξ˜ ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜‘
ξ˜¦ξ™’ξ™œξ™„ξ™Šξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜³ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜΅ξ˜‘ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ˜³ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ˜¨ξ˜‘ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ˜‰ξ˜ƒ ξ˜­ξ™Œξ™ξ™°ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ˜ͺξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜€ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜°ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜‹ξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜šξ˜Œξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜Έξ™–ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ™Šξ™΄ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™‰ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ™•ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒINNOVA Research Journal, 2ξ˜‹ξ˜”ξ˜Œξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜œξ˜œξ˜ξ˜”ξ˜”ξ˜•ξ˜‘
ξ˜©ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™‘ξ™©ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ˜ͺξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ξ™©ξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ˜°ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜¨ξ˜‘ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ˜ͺξ™„ξ™•ξ™†ξ™΄ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ™ξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™ˆξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ˜¨ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜¨ξ˜‘ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ˜‰ξ˜ƒ ξ˜°ξ™„ξ™•ξ™—ξ™΄ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜·ξ™’ξ™•ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ˜±ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜‹ξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜“ξ˜Œξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜Άξ™΄ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™•ξ™’ξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™™ξ™Œξ™–ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™“ξ™˜ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ Revista Cubana de
OftalmologΓ­a, 23ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ˜šξ˜—ξ˜œξ˜ξ˜šξ˜˜ξ˜šξ˜‘ξ˜¬ξ˜±ξ˜¨ξ˜¦ξ˜ƒ ξ˜‹ξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜•ξ˜Œξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜Έξ™–ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ˜·ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜¨ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜¨ξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™΄ξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™†ξ™’ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜΄ξ™˜ξ™Œξ™—ξ™’ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜«ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ˜¦ξ˜‘ξ˜­ξ˜ƒ ξ™œξ˜ƒ ξ˜΅ξ™˜ξ™Œξ™ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ˜±ξ˜‘ξ˜€ξ˜ƒ ξ˜‹ξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜šξ˜Œξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜§ξ™Œξ™–ξ™ˆξ™Έξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™Šξ™’ξ™‘ξ™Ήξ™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ˜¦ξ™’ξ™ξ™“ξ™˜ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜Ύξ˜·ξ™•ξ™„ξ™…ξ™„ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ˜ͺξ™•ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ˜©ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜Έξ™‘ξ™Œξ™™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ˜¦ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Ήξ™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξš±ξ˜ƒ ξ˜―ξ™˜ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜ͺξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™Œξ™˜ξ™ξ™€ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™‹ξ™—ξ™—ξ™“ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜’ξ˜’
ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™’ξ™•ξ™œξ˜‘ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™—ξ™’ξ™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ˜‘ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™˜ξ˜‘ξ™†ξ™’ξ˜’ξ™…ξ™Œξ™—ξ™–ξ™—ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™ξ˜’ξ™‹ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™ξ™ˆξ˜’ξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜‘ξ˜˜ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜‘ξ˜”ξ˜•ξ˜•ξ˜–ξ˜šξ˜’ξ˜—ξ˜˜ξ˜›ξ˜’ξ˜©ξ˜Έξ˜¦ξ˜―ξ˜ͺξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜™ξ˜™ξ˜˜ξ˜˜ξ˜‘
ξ™“ξ™‡ξ™‰ξ˜’ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™ˆξ˜ ξ˜”ξ˜‰ξ™Œξ™–ξ˜€ξ™ξ™ξ™’ξ™šξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ ξ™œξ˜‘
ξ˜¬ξ˜±ξ˜¨ξ˜¦ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜•ξ˜Œξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜Έξ™–ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜·ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒEstadΓ­sticoξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜΄ξ™˜ξ™Œξ™—ξ™’ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜΅ξ™„ξ™‰ξ™„ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜°ξ™„ξ™•ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ™–ξ™“ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜›ξ˜Œξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜Έξ™–ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ™Šξ™΄ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ξ˜ƒRevista Atlanteξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜¦ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ˜¨ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™œξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™„ξ™•ξ™•ξ™’ξ™ξ™ξ™’ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™‹ξ™—ξ™—ξ™“ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜’ξ˜’ξ™šξ™šξ™šξ˜‘ξ™ˆξ™˜ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜‘ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™—ξ˜’ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™™ξ˜’ξ™„ξ™—ξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜’ξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜›ξ˜’ξ˜“ξ˜–ξ˜’ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ™Šξ™Œξ™„ξ™–ξ˜
ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜‘ξ™‹ξ™—ξ™ξ™ξ˜‘
ξ˜Άξ™Œξ™˜ξ˜ƒ ξ˜§ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ˜·ξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ˜―ξ˜€ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜‹ξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜œξ˜Œξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜Έξ™–ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™‰ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ξ™©ξ™—ξ™Œξ™†ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™œξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™“ξ™˜ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™•ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™ξ™°ξ™—ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒIOS Press Content
ξ˜–ξ˜“ξ˜•
Fecha de recepciΓ³n: 23 / 07 / 2024
Fecha de aceptaciΓ³n: 17 / 10 / 2024
Fecha de publicaciΓ³n: 16 / 05 / 2025
Impacto del uso de dispositivos electrΓ³nicos en la salud de estudiantes universitarios. pp. 293 - 302 / Volumen 6, nΓΊmero 2 /
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37431/conectividad.v6i2.277
Instituto Superior TecnolΓ³gico Universitario RumiΓ±ahui
Libraryξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜œξ˜žξ˜ƒξ˜–ξ˜—ξ˜‹ξ˜—ξ˜Œξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξ˜—ξ˜œξ˜ƒξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξ˜˜ξ˜—ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜·ξ™’ξ™•ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™Œξ™ξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ˜­ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜›ξ˜Œξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜Έξ™–ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ˜³ξ™•ξ™’ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™©ξ™—ξ™Œξ™†ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ˜·ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ™Šξ™΄ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™Šξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™ξ™Ήξ™™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™Œξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜°ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™•ξ™Œξ™‡ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜”ξ˜“ξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜Άξ™„ξ™ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ˜¬ξ™‡ξ˜€ξ™‡ξ˜°ξ˜ξ˜ƒEditor. Madrid:
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