๎˜–๎˜™๎˜™
Fecha de recepciรณn: 06 / 08 / 2024
Fecha de aceptaciรณn: 18 / 10 / 2024
Fecha de publicaciรณn: 16 / 05 / 2025
Experimental Environments for the Teaching ofBasic Concepts of Industrial Automation. pp. 366 - 373 / Volumen 6, nรบmero 2 /
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37431/conectividad.v6i2.276
Instituto Superior Tecnolรณgico Universitario Rumiรฑahui
Experimental Environments for the Teaching ofBasic Concepts of Industrial
Automation
Entornos experimentales para la enseรฑanza de conceptos bรกsicos de
automatizaciรณn industrial
๎˜ช๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™“๎™˜๎™ธ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™™๎™Œ๎™๎™ฐ๎™–๏‘Œ
๎˜ค๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™„๎™๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎˜‘๎™˜๎™“๎™–๎˜ฃ๎™Š๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎˜‘๎™†๎™’๎™
ABSTRACT
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎˜ฒ๎˜น๎˜ฌ๎˜ง๎˜๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎›€๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™™๎™’๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™•๎™’๎™š๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™˜๎™๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎˜ฆ๎˜ค๎˜ง๎˜ค๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™Ž๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜ฌ๎˜ง๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜—๎˜ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜™๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎™—๎™’๎˜๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜™๎˜•๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๏ถ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™’๎™š๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜“๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™Ž๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฌ๎™’๎˜ท๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™‰๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™ˆ๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘
Keywords:๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™‡๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎˜๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™…๎˜‘
RESUMEN
๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ด๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™ˆ๎™’๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ฉ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎˜ฒ๎˜น๎˜ฌ๎˜ง๎˜๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ฉ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™’๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎›€๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ฉ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™…๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™พ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™น๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ฉ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎˜ฆ๎˜ค๎˜ง๎˜ค๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
este estudio, se implementa un controlador
๎˜ณ๎˜ฌ๎˜ง๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜๎˜—๎˜ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜™๎˜•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
modalidad presencial, 62 estudiantes tendrรญan
๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™น๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜“๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ฉ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™น๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™ด๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™’๎˜ท๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™…๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™–๎™ด๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ฉ๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜‘
Palabras clave:๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™„๎˜‘
Copyright
๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™•๎™น๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™ธ๎™„๎™‹๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™•๎™น๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ฑ๎™’๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜‘
Citas
๎˜ค๎™๎™“๎™˜๎™ธ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™™๎™Œ๎™๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™ฉ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎˜ฒ๎˜ฑ๎˜จ๎˜ฆ๎˜ท๎˜ฌ๎˜น๎˜ฌ๎˜ง๎˜ค๎˜ง๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜™๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜–๎˜š๎˜—๎˜–๎˜”๎˜’๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜‘
๎™™๎˜™๎™Œ๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜š๎˜™
Artรญculo Cientรญ๎šฟco
๏‘Œ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™„๎™๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎˜‘๎™˜๎™“๎™–๎˜ฃ๎™Š๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎˜‘๎™†๎™’๎™
๎˜–๎˜™๎˜š
Fecha de recepciรณn: 06 / 08 / 2024
Fecha de aceptaciรณn: 18 / 10 / 2024
Fecha de publicaciรณn: 16 / 05 / 2025
Experimental Environments for the Teaching ofBasic Concepts of Industrial Automation. pp. 366 - 373 / Volumen 6, nรบmero 2 /
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37431/conectividad.v6i2.276
Instituto Superior Tecnolรณgico Universitario Rumiรฑahui
1. INTRODUCCIร“N
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™•๎™’๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™‹๎™œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™ˆ๎™๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™ˆ๎™๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜ฒ๎˜น๎˜ฌ๎˜ง๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™“๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™˜๎™•๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๎˜”๎™€๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๎˜•๎™€๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™‰๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๎˜–๎™€๎˜๎˜พ๎˜˜๎™€๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™’๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™ˆ๎™๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™•๎™’๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๎˜™๎™€๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™ˆ๎™๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๎˜š๎™€๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๎˜›๎™€๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™•๎™’๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™’๎™“๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™’๎™Œ๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™—๎˜๎™˜๎™“๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™’๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™œ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜‘
๎˜บ๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™’๎˜ท๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™Š๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ซ๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™…๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๎˜œ๎™€๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๎˜”๎˜“๎™€๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™œ๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎›€๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™˜๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎™‘๎˜‘
2. METHODOLOGY
๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜ฒ๎˜น๎˜ฌ๎˜ง๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™š๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™๎™œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜–๎˜™๎˜›
Fecha de recepciรณn: 06 / 08 / 2024
Fecha de aceptaciรณn: 18 / 10 / 2024
Fecha de publicaciรณn: 16 / 05 / 2025
Experimental Environments for the Teaching ofBasic Concepts of Industrial Automation. pp. 366 - 373 / Volumen 6, nรบmero 2 /
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37431/conectividad.v6i2.276
Instituto Superior Tecnolรณgico Universitario Rumiรฑahui
๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜‘
๎˜ถ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜’๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™‹๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ณ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‰๎™—๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜‘
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฐ๎™†๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™˜๎™„๎™œ๎™„๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™‹๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜จ๎˜ฏ๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜˜๎˜”๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜›๎˜š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜•๎˜”๎˜‘
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™…๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™“๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™’๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™…๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘
Figure. 1.๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜‘
2.1 Case Study
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜š๎˜๎˜”๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜ณ๎˜ธ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜”๎˜—๎˜ฆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜ฏ๎˜ฆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™›๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™“๎™˜๎™—๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™’๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™“๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ฆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™“๎™˜๎™—๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜–๎˜™๎˜œ
Fecha de recepciรณn: 06 / 08 / 2024
Fecha de aceptaciรณn: 18 / 10 / 2024
Fecha de publicaciรณn: 16 / 05 / 2025
Experimental Environments for the Teaching ofBasic Concepts of Industrial Automation. pp. 366 - 373 / Volumen 6, nรบmero 2 /
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37431/conectividad.v6i2.276
Instituto Superior Tecnolรณgico Universitario Rumiรฑahui
Figure. 2.๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜ฏ๎˜ฆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ฌ๎˜จ๎˜ฐ๎˜จ๎˜ฑ๎˜ถ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜š๎˜๎˜”๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜ณ๎˜ธ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜”๎˜—๎˜ฆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎™›๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‡๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™“๎™˜๎™—๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎™›๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‡๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™“๎™˜๎™—๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ฆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‡๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™“๎™˜๎™—๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜บ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜ฏ๎˜ฆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™‹๎™œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™’๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™–๎˜‘
Figure. 3.๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜ฏ๎˜ฆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–
๎˜บ๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎šฟ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™’๎™“๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™’๎™“๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎˜
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™“๎™˜๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜ฏ๎˜ฆ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎™’๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™š๎™’๎˜๎™š๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™…๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎˜‘
Figure. 4.๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™’๎™“๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜‰๎˜ฌ๎˜ง๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™
๎˜–๎˜š๎˜“
Fecha de recepciรณn: 06 / 08 / 2024
Fecha de aceptaciรณn: 18 / 10 / 2024
Fecha de publicaciรณn: 16 / 05 / 2025
Experimental Environments for the Teaching ofBasic Concepts of Industrial Automation. pp. 366 - 373 / Volumen 6, nรบmero 2 /
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37431/conectividad.v6i2.276
Instituto Superior Tecnolรณgico Universitario Rumiรฑahui
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜
๎˜บ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒm is the mass of the process liquid. Ce ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒT ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒษฃ is the valve temperature and Tc is the water temperature
in the hea๎žŸng circuit.
2.2 Practice environment
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎™†๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ถ๎˜ฆ๎˜ค๎˜ง๎˜ค๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™’๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ฆ๎˜ค๎˜ง๎˜ค๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™…๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™—๎™“๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™’๎™“๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ณ๎˜ฌ๎˜ง๎˜Œ๎˜‘
Figure. 5.๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ฆ๎˜ค๎˜ง๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–
3. RESULTS
3.1 Practice with implementing the temperature system
๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎™‘๎˜‘
๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜ฏ๎˜ฆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ฆ๎˜ค๎˜ง๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™“๎™๎™’๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜ฌ๎˜ง๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™๎™’๎™†๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜ฏ๎˜ฆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๏ต๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™“๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜‘
๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎˜ท๎˜”๎˜“๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™—๎™“๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎šƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎šƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎šƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™‡๎˜๎™š๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜น๎˜”๎˜“๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜–๎˜š๎˜”
Fecha de recepciรณn: 06 / 08 / 2024
Fecha de aceptaciรณn: 18 / 10 / 2024
Fecha de publicaciรณn: 16 / 05 / 2025
Experimental Environments for the Teaching ofBasic Concepts of Industrial Automation. pp. 366 - 373 / Volumen 6, nรบmero 2 /
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37431/conectividad.v6i2.276
Instituto Superior Tecnolรณgico Universitario Rumiรฑahui
๎™‹๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™Ž๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™—๎™“๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎šƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜น๎˜”๎˜“๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๏ต๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎šƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜—๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™—๎™“๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜ƒ
๎šƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™‡๎˜๎™š๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎šƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜น๎˜”๎˜“๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜ฌ๎˜ง๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™’๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜–๎˜ƒ๎šƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜‘
Figure. 6.๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™
3.2 Analysis of the e๏ตects of the use of the remote laboratory on students
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™‡๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™‹๎™œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™“๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜™๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜‘
Figure. 7.๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™’๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎™—๎™’๎˜๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜–๎˜š๎˜•
Fecha de recepciรณn: 06 / 08 / 2024
Fecha de aceptaciรณn: 18 / 10 / 2024
Fecha de publicaciรณn: 16 / 05 / 2025
Experimental Environments for the Teaching ofBasic Concepts of Industrial Automation. pp. 366 - 373 / Volumen 6, nรบmero 2 /
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37431/conectividad.v6i2.276
Instituto Superior Tecnolรณgico Universitario Rumiรฑahui
๎™š๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™–๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™„๎™œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™’๎™’๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘
Table 1.๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ณ๎˜˜๎˜œ P60 ๎˜ณ๎˜™๎˜” ๎˜ณ๎˜™๎˜•๎™‚๎˜” ๎˜ณ๎˜™๎˜•๎™‚๎˜• ๎˜ณ๎˜™๎˜–
๎˜ถ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™…๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜Œ ๎˜–๎˜” ๎˜•๎˜š ๎˜•๎˜š ๎˜•๎˜” 26 ๎˜–๎˜“
๎˜ค๎™™๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™˜๎™•๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎˜Œ ๎˜”๎˜“ ๎˜”๎˜“ ๎˜”๎˜“ ๎˜”๎˜“ ๎˜”๎˜“ ๎˜”๎˜“
๎˜ถ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Ž๎˜Œ 20 20 20 20 20 20
๎˜ถ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜Œ ๎˜”๎˜” ๎˜š ๎˜š ๎˜” 6๎˜”๎˜“
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™“๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™š๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜‘
Figure. 9.๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™•๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜‘
4. CONCLUSIONS
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™’๎™š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™–๎˜๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™“๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™“๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™’๎˜ท๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™ˆ๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™œ๎˜‘
REFERENCES
๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜น๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎šณ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฒ๎˜ท๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜ฒ๎˜น๎˜ฌ๎˜ง๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜๎šด๎˜ƒRev. Espac๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜”๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜›๎šฑ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜“๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜—๎˜›๎˜“๎˜›๎˜•๎˜’
๎˜–๎˜š๎˜–
Fecha de recepciรณn: 06 / 08 / 2024
Fecha de aceptaciรณn: 18 / 10 / 2024
Fecha de publicaciรณn: 16 / 05 / 2025
Experimental Environments for the Teaching ofBasic Concepts of Industrial Automation. pp. 366 - 373 / Volumen 6, nรบmero 2 /
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37431/conectividad.v6i2.276
Instituto Superior Tecnolรณgico Universitario Rumiรฑahui
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜๎™„๎˜•๎˜“๎™™๎˜—๎˜”๎™‘๎˜—๎˜•๎™“๎˜”๎˜™๎˜‘
๎˜ง๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜๎˜น๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™•๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ถ๎™’๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜๎šด๎˜ƒ Rev.
Enseรฑanza la Fรญsica๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜”๎šฑ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜“๎˜‘
๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™น๎™“๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ถ๎™’๎™๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎›ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ต๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎šณ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎šด๎˜ƒ Rev. Educ. a
Distancia, ๎™™๎™’๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™›๎˜‘๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜™๎˜“๎˜”๎˜›๎˜’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜—๎˜“๎˜š๎˜–๎˜”๎˜‘
๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ด๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™ฉ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎šด๎˜ƒRev. Cientรญ๎šฟca,๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜š๎˜–๎šฑ๎˜œ๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜”๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜–๎˜˜๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜“๎˜’๎™•๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™™๎˜›๎™‘๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜—๎˜˜๎˜™๎˜‘
๎˜ฏ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™ฉ๎˜๎˜ถ๎™ฉ๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™น๎™‰๎™’๎™๎˜๎˜ต๎™’๎™‡๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎šณ๎˜ค๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜๎šด๎˜ƒ Vivat Acad๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™’๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎šฑ๎˜”๎˜™๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜”๎˜š๎˜›๎˜’๎™™๎™„๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜˜๎˜‘๎™ˆ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜”๎˜‘
๎˜ง๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™˜๎™ธ๎™’๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™’๎™๎™ด๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎›๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™’๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎šด๎˜ƒRev. Iberoamerica Automรกtica e Informรกtica,
๎™™๎™’๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜š๎šฑ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜”๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜‘
๎˜ช๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™“๎™˜๎™ธ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™Š๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ฌ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎›€๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™˜๎™–๎™„๎˜‘๎˜๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜ค๎˜ถ๎˜ฎ๎˜ค๎˜ฑ๎˜ค๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฌ๎˜Ž๎˜ง๎˜Ž๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜š๎šฑ๎˜–๎˜™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜‘
๎›ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™˜๎™๎™…๎™„๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™Œ๎™ธ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™“๎™˜๎™ธ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™…๎™œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ผ๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™˜๎™„๎™œ๎™„๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜š๎˜š๎šฑ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜–๎˜‘
๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™’๎™œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™ด๎™„๎˜๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™ธ๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™ฉ๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎™˜๎™๎™๎™ฉ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฉ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™’๎™‡๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎šณ๎˜ธ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™Š๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ซ๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™…๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜ป๎˜ฏ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜”๎˜›๎šฑ๎˜•๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜”๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜š๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜œ๎˜’๎™–๎™“๎™˜๎™‡๎™†๎˜‘๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜›๎˜›๎˜—๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜—๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜“๎˜—๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜”๎˜›๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜‘
๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™’๎™๎™ด๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ฉ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎šณ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜˜๎šฑ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜‘